Others argue that such interpretations are unsound, in that they confuse poetic and figurative language with literal prose. The firmament was punctuated by grilles or sluices, “windows of heaven” through which rain was released.
Above the firmament flowed the heavenly waters. Some scholars argue that the Hebrews had a primitive cosmology where the firmament was visualized as a rigid, solid dome-a celestial dam ( Genesis 7:11 2 Samuel 22:8 Job 26:8 Job 37:18 Proverbs 8:28 Malachi 3:10 ). It is described as bright, transparent like crystal, revealing the handiwork of God, and signifying His seat of power ( Psalm 19:1 Psalm 150:1 Ezekiel 1:22 Daniel 12:3 ). The firmament is mentioned nine times in Genesis, the Psalms, Ezekiel, and Daniel. In Genesis 1:6 the firmament separates the mass of waters and divides them into layers. At times the use of the word connotes the idea of extension or expansion-thus the expanse of the heavens at creation. Its meaning is not firm boundary as biblical critics. In Genesis, the Bible tells of how God created the firmament on the second day. God spreads out (verbal form of raqiaspro ) the sky ( Job 37:18 ). The English word firmament in the Bible is a translation of the Hebrew raqia, meaning expanse. In the Bible, firmament (raqia) is the word used for a layer of sky or space.
The original Hebrew word Gaqiacspode notes a strip of hammered out metal. There it is used to translate the Greek word stereomaoin the Septuagint rendering of Genesis 1:6-7. The word “firmament” comes from the Latin word firmamentum in the Vulgate. Into this expanse, God set the sun, moon, and stars ( Genesis 1:14-18 ). 4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from. 3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 2 And the earth was without form, and void and darkness was upon the face of the deep. Heaven in this sense is also referred to as the firmament or sky ( Genesis 1:8 ). A sheet or dome used by God to separate cosmic waters from the earth on the second day of creation (Gen 1:6-8), forming the sky. 1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. One use of “heaven” in the Bible is to refer to the ceiling or canopy of the earth. The firmament was created by God on the second day to separate the “waters from the waters” ( Genesis 1:6-7 ). The great vault or expanse of sky that separates the upper and lower waters.
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